|
|
|
Tampa, Florida, May 13-14, 2004
In the Tampa Bay area, as elsewhere in the United States, water utilities
increasingly must augment or replace existing drinking water sources
with alternatives. Due to aquifer depletion and related state regulations,
water suppliers in the Tampa Bay area are shifting from a historical
reliance on groundwater to a blend of treated groundwater, surface
water, and saline sources.
The challenge is to properly treat each of these disparate sources,
blend them effectively, and deliver finished water through a diverse
array of distribution systems that meets the high expectations of consumers
accustomed to a relatively pure groundwater source.
While blending source waters is common practice in the United States,
the impact of blends on water quality in the distribution system had
not been sufficiently studied prior to the current project. In the
Tampa Bay area, local governments maintain distribution systems that
vary in age, size, pipe material, and quality. Thus Tampa Bay Water,
which supplies finished drinking water to local governments and agencies,
entered into an agreement with the University of Central Florida to
study the issues. Because other utilities face similar issues, the Water Research Foundation
provided partial funding – about $200,000 out of nearly $3.4
million – through its Tailored Collaboration research program.
At the Tampa Bay workshop, ten presentations were given. Those
presentations are provided here as Adobe PDF files for subscribers'
use .
"Tampa
Bay Water: Framing the Challenges," by Christine
Owen, water quality assurance officer, Tampa Bay Water, provides
background on TBW's challenges. Includes photographs of
the project's treatment
systems and test facilities. [PDF 4,000 kb]
"Controlling
Distribution System Water Quality in a Changing Environment," by
the University of Central Florida project team, includes
the workshop's agenda, the project's objectives and
aspects of its operational details. [PDF 1,400 kb]
"Modeling
Release of Iron Corrosion Products in Potable Water Distribution
Systems," by the University of Central Florida
project team, discusses water quality factors and their effects
on various pipe materials. Key findings presented. [PDF
1,500 kb]
"Residual
Modeling," by James Taylor and Jorge
Arevalo, examines both chlorine and chloramine residual decay
as affected by pipe material, temperature, organic content,
pipe diameter, flow
velocity, along with key findings. [PDF 1,130 kb]
"Lead," by
the University of Central Florida project team, discusses
identification of corrosion products, thermodynamic
model development, statistical model development and Lead
and Copper Rule (LCR) compliance, a scale and release transition
study, sensitivity
analysis, and key findings. [PDF 1,800 kb]
"Copper," by
the University of Central Florida project team, discusses
identification of corrosion products, thermodynamic
model development, statistical model development, simulation
of Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) compliance, a transition study,
sensitivity analysis,
and key findings. [PDF 1,580 kb]
"Biological
Stability," by the University of Central
Florida project team, covers distribution system biostability
(in bulk phase and biofilms), biological annular reactors,
process biostability,
and key findings. [PDF 6,900 kb]
"Nitrification," by
the University of Central Florida project team, discusses
nitrification stoichiometry, details on a nitrification
episode, results of a controlled nitrification study and
related parameters, biologically active carbon filter study,
and modeling.
"Chlorine
and Chloramines Comparison," by James
Taylor, John Dietz, and Jorge Arevalo, explores the objectives
and key findings of a three-month study of free chlorine
vs. chloramines using eight pilot distribution systems
and four source waters.
[PDF 536 kb]
"Tampa
Bay Water: Utility Applicability and Benefits," by
Christine Owen, water quality assurance officer, Tampa Bay
Water, discusses the impacts on TBW of altering its source
water blends, resulting changes
in water chemistry, changes in compliance with regulations,
and practical impacts from the project's key findings.
[PDF 1,200 kb]
|